A report on two options for David Mackenzie & Co

David Mackenzie’s case is that of a typical entrepreneur started and family run business that experiences success and outgrows its existing set-up. Hitherto, Mackenzie thrived on one-off contracts and other local businesses, and his two other companies ran more or less the way it did before he acquired them.All three diverse companies have done financially well, but problems arise when David Mackenzie tries to integrate the operations of these three diverse companies to secure a wider range of orders. The problems relate to the diverse structures and problem of co-ordination among between, hindering the implementation of projects in a smooth and seamless manner.The options mulled by David Mackenzie is first, float a group of companies in the stock exchange, and second merge the three companies into one company. Both these options have their advantages and disadvantages.Advantages and disadvantages of floating the companies in the stock exchangeThe major advantage of floating t he Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange, which entails converting the hitherto private limited company into a public limited company (plc), is the ability to raise funds and capital through the sale of securities.The company would be able to sell their shares in the market, and secure large loans easily. Although Mackenzie does not have cash-flow problems at present, it might need infusion of finance as it expands and secures more large overseas orders. Mackenzie could purchase Clyde Electric Ltd only because the company lacked sufficient capital to sustain its growth, and there is every chance that the situation can repeat itself. Mackenzie does not seem to have huge cash reserves to finance possible expansions through internal accruals.Another advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is infusion of professional corporate governance that Mackenzie group of companies hitherto lacked. Most of Mackenzie’s existing orders were possibly on the basis on personal efforts and one-off relationships, and highly centralized on the David Mackenzie.As the company grows and secures more international and large orders such a structure would not only fail to appeal to large institutional clients, but also fail to sustain the enhanced requirements such as professional decision-making, autonomy, responsibility and the likes.In the present set up all operations would most likely come to a standstill and the company might even fold up in David Mackenzie is not able to involve himself in the active running of the company for a length of time for any reason.A listed company becomes an independent entity and the board of directors would run the company even in the absence of the Managing Director. An added advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is better visibility for the company, which in turn might lead to more orders. An increase in share prices would also add to the wealth of the shareholders, which would include David Mackenz ie.Floating the David Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange has its set of disadvantages also. In the present set up, Mackenzie is under no obligation to disclose financial information. A public listed company would have to publish its financial statements on a regular basis, and this can lure in competition to Mackenzie’s lucrative market.The need to disclose financial records and other compliance policies requires certified public accountants, and entails a lot of bureaucratic paperwork.The time, money and effort spend on such activities could be better spend on marketing and operations if the company is not made public. Share values tend to reflect the current financial gains, and most public listed companies thereby tend to take decisions that lead to short-term gains even at the cost of long-term interests. The Mackenzie group of companies may also fall into this trap once it goes public.In the initial stages of floating a public listed company, David Macken zie is likely to retain a huge majority of shares. As the requirement for cash to fund expansions and large scale operations increases, he might be tempted to sell more of his shares in the open market. This raises the possibility of a hostile takeover, or another party who has purchased a large number of shares from interfering and trying to influence the operations and decision making of the company.The advantages and disadvantages of merging the three companies into a single entityThe second option before David Mackenzie is to merge the three companies into one single entity. The main advantage of such a merger is removing duplication in works and efforts. At present, each of the three companies has their own marketing, human resource and finance departments, and the administrative functions and expenses duplicate.A merger could avoid such duplications and not only result in significant savings, but also increase efficiency and better coordination. A single marketing department t hat takes care of the three units, for instance means that the complaints regarding customers having to contact two or three separate marketing departments for a single project would cease.The marketing department would be able to tap into clients in a more effective manner, without duplicating efforts and providing a wider range of service and commitments. An integrated accounts department would likewise solve the issue of duplicate or missing invoices, and lead to better financial control and analysis of profitability of each project.The merger would likely result in the retrenchment of some redundant staff, but this also gives an opportunity to cut down on low-performers, and redeploy performers in a better manner.Another major advantage of mergers is the ability of these three companies to pool in their resources in the form of client database, office space, infrastructure and the like, all of which would facilitate growth.Mergers however come with their own disadvantages. Altho ugh there would be savings on fixed costs, a merged monolith is likely to have a higher per unit operational cost compared to the per unit operating cost of three separate entities.This will not be a cause for concern when times are good and there are plenty of orders, but when economic times go bad and orders diminish, this will have a negative effect and the higher unit cost could make the organization uncompetitive.The merger would also make it difficult to hive off a unit if, in future the unit becomes non-profitable and cuts into the profitability of the entire organization. Three different entities ensure that failure, mismanagement or shortcomings of one unit would not have a significant impact on the other two units. Merger will ensure that activities of one unit would have a significant on the other two units.The administrative act of effecting a merger is relatively easy. The main challenge in the case of the Mackenzie group of companies would relate to integrating the thr ee diverse companies, with three different modes of operations and internal systems.Another challenge is ensuing integration and co-ordinations of the operations of the three diverse units. While a merger would reduce duplication, unless the operational activities re-orient towards the three different sub-units of the new company working towards a common goal, the redundancies and delays in commissioning are likely to persist.

Advanced Manufacturing Processes and Materials (Turbocharger)

Turbocharger is nothing but a gas compressor, which is kept in use to forced-induction of the internal combustion engine. It is a derived form of supercharger. The fundamental function of the turbocharger is to enhance the density of the air which is entering in the engine. Density is increased to produce more power.Compressor, turbine and shaft are the core and essential parts of a turbocharger. Compressor of the turbocharger got power by a turbine and this is driven by exhaust gases of the engine. Direct mechanical drive is not used like many other superchargers.In early days or in the days of the invention of turbochargers, it is referred as turbosuperchargers because turbochargers were derived from the superchargers by combining a turbine in the accessories of superchargers. Compressor was there in the superchargers, but turbine was not present in superchargers.In turbochargers, a fan pump of small radius comes into the driving condition with the help of the gases which get exhau sted by the engine. The main assembly parts of the turbochargers means turbine, compressor and shaft are attached in such a way that turbine and compressor shares a shaft and get attached with it.The turbine is used to alter the exhaust heat and pressure into the rotational force and this rotational force drives the compressor. Compressor increases the pressure of the air and this pressurized air enters into the cylinders on each intake stroke. This in turn increases the volumetric efficiency of the engine and this is done by solving one of its cardinal limitations.Only downward strokes of a piston are used in naturally aspirated automobile engine, but the pressure of the atmosphere can not be increased more than 1 atm. This thing creates a pressure difference limit in the naturally aspirated automobile engines, which limits the amount of airflow entering the combustion chamber.But turbocharger eliminates this limit because it is designed in such manner that it increases the pressur e at a particular point from where air enters into the cylinder. This in turn maintains pressure into the combustion chamber, which increases the revolution speed. This increasing speed produces high power and torque at the output of the engine.But there is a limitation on the pressure in the turbocharger. Pressure should not cross its critical limit, otherwise explosion and physical damage may occur in the engine. To avoid such type of conditions an arrangement has been made there in the turbocharger. In this type situation intake pressure is being controlled by venting excess gas and this facility is being provided by wastegate functionality.

Different Factors That Contribute to the Growth and Failure

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FUNDAMENTALS OF FILM IN THE SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF THE INDUSTRY 1) Introduction The Film Industry is an important vehicle for social, cultural, political and economic development because a well nurtured film industry can be a major source of employment and an effective tool and platform for the cultured expression of the people. The industry can also promote a country’s potential as an investment and tourist destination and as an advocacy tool and shaper of opinion; film can in itself be used to effectively demystify cultural and ethnic differences by using it to promote integration and unity of people.Film is not only a tool for information and entertainment but also a powerful communications instrument for national integration, for social and economic development and for the exploitation, preservation and further enrichment of cultural heritage. By writing this paper I intent to find out the different factors that contribute to the growth and failure o f the film industry in general. This in turn helps the current students learning film production and those already in the film business because they can improve or learn from the shortcomings of the current methods.The audience will also benefit from this because they get to appreciate what it entails to produce a film. (1. 2) Background The Kenyan film industry has improved drastically from the hay days of only using one editing suite for the whole country and not using top notch equipment. People have become creative and innovative with the development and advancement in technology. Although these benefits reside on our side, there are some challenges that decline the growth of film industry. Capital and Finance:In order to produce good quality films we need a large amount of capital for the production and marketing. Good quality films need a large amount of capital for production and marketing just like we observe from our Hollywood counterpart where millions of dollars are spent in production and marketing and this makes their films unbeatable with quality in the film market. The production of a film requires lots of traveling, costume designing, hiring of affiliate partners like production houses among other expenses incurred during the whole production process.Before a movie appears on your screen or a cinema hall, it goes on a very long process which might take a period of more than one year, during this whole period the actors and actresses need to satisfy their daily needs and hence they are signed a contract in which they are paid. All these require a large amount of capital which is still a scarce in many Kenyan industries. Limited creativity: One important factor in finding Kenya’s film voice comes in the very first stages of a film: telling the story. Sitati (2008) explained that attention to cinematic storytelling is the key:That's been our biggest challenge here.We have excellent stories being told, but sitting and formulating a story and creatively bringing out the true aspect of what it is you want to bring out, that's what is lacking. We have excellent cameramen, but it's important to have a creative story. The few films that have been produced locally lack enough creativenesses in the storyline and the production itself. Creativity is a quality that makes a product distinguishable from others because of its uniqueness, and when it lacks, the whole project is incompetent. Market: Another challenge explored in this study focuses on what to do with a film once it has been completed.The market for African films is still a way too far from reaching a climax where it tops the film charts across the globe with Nigeria struggling. This makes the movies outdated before making a major sale in the market; sometimes the cost of production overtakes the amount of sale. For a Kenyan film to find an audience, both within Kenya and without, it needs to be irresistibly good. This is an inevitable consequence of the development o f the Kenyan film industry. Beginning with a solid foundation in film education, the films to come from Kenya’s educated filmmakers can’t help but eventually be deserving of international attention.A great film will get noticed. Film policies: The policies governing the film industry in Kenya have restricted the production of certain films example Otto The Blood Birth, a film produced in Kenya by Kenyans was banned even before its release to the market simply because it was a genre type horror. This demotivates local and international film makers who had a potential of investing in this industry. Piracy: Piracy is a global issue affecting software and film industry all over the world. In Kenya, music and other entertainment productions have severely suffered this crime which is way too far to be stopped.As the World Story Organization sees it, it starts with education in the principles of storytelling with the language of film, embedded in the indigenous life and cultu re of the people: better stories being told better. As Kenya’s film industry organizes itself, it will lead to greater opportunities and happy filmmakers, drawing the attention of local businesses, rewarding them for taking a risk in investing in Kenyan film. These stories will lead to memorable, distinctly Kenyan films that will be irresistibly good, garnering attention even beyond Kenya’s borders.As the industry grows more secure, so will the audience following the product. A film made in Kenya will be able to be relied upon to provide quality, unique, challenging, noteworthy, and important films as time goes on. This should be the vision for a self-sustaining, indigenous film industry in Kenya. 1. 3 Problem Statement The overall research problem addressed in this study is that despite having all the relevant facilities and equipments to make beautiful work we are still lagging behind. We have had exposure to film for about 60 years but e haven’t taken the adv antage of this and compete against the big guns. The main problem is that people enter into film with their mind set that they will be making money and become millionaires, they should first see it as a passion because it might reach a time that they will have to do free stuff for people and do other extra jobs so as to make ends meet. This in turn makes them quit half way. 1. 4 The Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to find out the different factors that contribute to the growth and failure of the film industry in general.This in turn helps the current students learning film production and those already in the film business because they can improve or learn from their mistakes. The audience will also benefit from this because they get to appreciate what it entails to produce a film. 1. 4. 1 the objectives of the study are: 1. To determine the main factors that lead to the success or failure of the film industry in general 2. To establish interventions of helping the industry to grow 3. To find out the effects of this factors in the growth of the industry. (1. ) Significance- here state specific beneficiaries and how they benefit i. e students, government , policy makers etc The significance of this study is to help in the improvement of the industry not that the industry is in shambles but to help in the improvement of the small areas that need improvement. (1. 6) Scope The study is to investigate the impact of different fundamentals of film in the success or failure of the industry in Multimedia University College of Kenya. (1. 7) Limitations and Delimitations Due to time limits on the study, however, the population was restricted to the school, MMU.Because the majority of studies concerned with the aspect of the situation needed to be addressed more with the media students than with any other respondents so as to determine the problem. (1. 8) conceptual framework The major yardstick used to measure the successful output of the industry is the number of productions that are done in a year. We still don’t have the 40% of local content in our television even though we have the best quality of equipments in the country. The input into the production process includes the audience, creative work, capital. The study seeks to establish the best way we can help the industry to move forward.

Ethical Leadership and Employee Behaivor Dissertation

Ethical Leadership and Employee Behaivor - Dissertation Example Furthermore, there is the pressing need to investigate all the manners in which ethical leadership tends to affect employee behavior. A number of steps have already been taken in order to promote ethical behavior such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Though this is a step in the right direction but it cannot be termed as an end in itself. Instead, there is a constant need to explore the issue of ethical leadership and its impacts on employees to gauge methods to improve ethical conduct in organizations. This paper will attempt to analyze the dimensions of ethical leadership and its impacts on employee behavior as best as possible. Given the expansive nature of the topic, it is unrealistic to assume that all aspects and perspectives will be covered but this paper will attempt to delineate as much as possible. 2. Ethical Leadership Both ethics and leadership have been investigated for a very long time distinctly based on either normative or philosophical approaches. Results from these invest igations were traditionally used to decipher what leaders should do in order to bolster leadership. However, neither ethics nor leadership have been investigated on a strong scientific and social basis thus leading to fundamental gaps in understanding ethical leadership. ... cement and decision making also falls under the domain of ethical leadership (Brown, Trevino, & Harrison, 2005) (Trevino, Brown, & Hartman, 2003) (Trevino, Hartman, & Brown, 2000). In contrast philosophers have tried to define ethical leadership using normative perspectives by delineating how leadership ought to behave in organizational and other context (Ciulla, 2004). This approach to defining ethical leadership has narrowed down the focus of the subject. Instead the social scientific approach being pursued in this paper emphasizes describing ethical leadership, its antecedents as well as its consequences. Researchers have concluded for a long time that certain traits are more important to leadership than others. For example personal integrity has been linked with leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, perceived leader effectiveness has been linked to the perceptions of the leader’s character as per honesty, integrity and trustworthiness (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991) (Den Hart og, House, Hanges, Ruiz-Quintanilla, & Dorfman, 1999) (Posner & Schmidt, 1992) (Kouzes & Posner, 1993). In addition to these traits cognitive trust is also associated with effective leadership styles (Dirks & Ferrin, 2002). In this context cognitive trust has been defined as being composed of exercise of care in work, dependability and professionalism (McAllister, 1995). This concept has been used by Trevino et al (2000, 2003) in order to research what ethical leadership means to proximate observers of leaders. The research utilized structured interviews with twenty ethics or compliance officers as well as twenty senior executives. The respondents were asked to think of an ethical leader they knew about and to answer a broad survey that queried the motives, characteristics and behavior model of

Empirical Evidence - the Evolution of Consolidated Financial Reportin Essay

Empirical Evidence - the Evolution of Consolidated Financial Reporting Can Be Explained By Contracting Cost Variables - Essay Example At the extreme, some researchers have titled their studies as examining the 'determinants' of economic choices (Hagerman and Zmrjewski, 1979; Lekme and Page, 1992; Aitken and Loftus 1994; Whittred and Zimmer, 1994)" Studies carried out by Whittred n 1987 have in fact mistook to analyze the set of amended rules of the Sydney Stock Exchange which was evidently an optional norm. However regulatory requirements regulatory requirements since 1921 have progressively encouraged the presentation of the consolidated statements. A meagre number of companies have voluntarily presented consolidated statements of their own under the regulatory influence. Statutory requirements were found influential than listing rules of the stock exchange leading a vital role in disseminating knowledge about the techniques of consolidated statements through a seminar, professional literature and public examinations. Whitted's study further highlights the speculative assumptions of data where high levels of debt were assumed to mean there had been incidents of contractual arrangements between lenders and beneficiaries as minimum agency cost. The study albeit failed to explain the use of consolidated statements based on cost variations. Many of the practitioners were not familiar with the techniques of consolidations even when the Institute of Chartered Accounts and the Australian Society of Accountants made their first pronouncements on the subject of consolidation in 1946 and 1956 respectively. The accounting literature hereafter included more discussions about the virtues of consolidated statements as a means of reporting to a range of stakeholders. Nevertheless, changes in regulations were associated with the changes in practices in accounting education. This hypothesis yields an evidence of a mere causal relationship between accounting writers and its regulatory practices. Doubtlessly consolidation evolved in the demand of necessity for monitoring performance in compliance with the contracts between the firms and their suppliers of debt and equity capital aimed at reducing agency cost. The characteristic difference of early consolidators with more subsidiaries than non-consolidators disappeared in 1950 following the introduction of taxation incentives. Institutional requirements were ruled out by the sample selection criteria promoting the growth of holding company form and thus it gradually established the necessities towards the descending towards the extent of political cost. G. Whittred gives us a solid ground of its existence as follow According to Clifford W Smith as described in the Incentives for Unconsolidated Financial Reporting says â€Å" We provide a positive analysis of Firms decision to report the operations of a financial subsidiary on a consolidated versus unconsolidated basis.†Ã‚     

Foundation and library services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foundation and library services - Essay Example FLS will be established within foundation campus so as to help students to get their required text books, journals and other printed handouts. FLS will aim at distributing university level books to students and staff of university. The university will deliver a number of courses and the library service will meet needs of students belonging to different streams. The textbooks include media, science, business, literature and many more. FLS will also provide printing services to students in the campus, which is needed quite often. Both textbooks and printing services are directed at UK based students and also internationals students who come to Sunderland for higher studies. FLS also advises international students regarding preparation of student card and accommodation. FLS helps international students to arrange good accommodation facilities and maintain their comfort level in the campus by providing necessary details and rules (Makakane, 2013). FLS will also plan for few activities after classes for students as after a hectic day in classes, they require time for personal needs and relaxation. The activities include free vi deo game and indoor games parlour that will be placed in a separate section from the library. The requirements of the students will be monitored and will be sorted out as soon as possible (Ferrell, 2012). The main vision of FLS is to become one of the leading libraries in Sunderland and gain profit. FLS believes in customer loyalty by satisfying students with services provided, which raises demand for books. FLS is also planning for future expansion into other campuses i.e. London. However, the expansion plan will be executed after three years of its commencement in Sunderland campus. FLS aims at providing wider variety of books to students and staff, which helps them to guide during the course. The library will provide 24X7 services

How can tax cuts help revive the economy Explain Essay

How can tax cuts help revive the economy Explain - Essay Example Pertaining to the reduction of the gap and to take the economy out of the crisis, the package of fiscal stimulus was observed as an effective way-out for the economy. The planning of the government within the economy was not held effective enough in mitigating the problem of economic crisis. According to the plan of the US government, the amount of public spending consisted in the policy towards enhancing multiplier effect through discretionary fiscal policy was merely about 480 billion Dollars. This amount has a multiplier of about 1.5 which means government spending of each Dollar would increase the GDP of the economy by 1.5 Dollar (Shostak, 2009). With regard to the less reliance on the natural forces in the economy, successful management of the government is essential in line with the inducement of individuals’ spending within the economy. Tax cuts act as an economic booster during the times of recession when generally people decrease their level of spending in order to fi ght with the economic crisis. Tax cuts can be termed as an important aspect of the expansionary fiscal policy of the government and it helps to a greater extent in strengthening the aggregate demand within the economy and thus eliminate the slump resulted due to the economic crisis.

Mini-Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mini-Analysis - Research Paper Example This is because as college men, it is important that students will be offered every available opportunity to engage in learning (Vianden, 2009). By exploring the college men’s perceptions about interacting with faculty beyond the classroom, it is becomes possible to understand ways in which this form of learning oriented interaction can be improved. It is therefore important that the questions are well diversified to identify key factors that hinder out-of-class interaction because until such factors are known, it will be difficult to try to improve interaction outside the classroom. The qualitative methodology used in the study was basic interpretive qualitative study. According to the researcher in the study, â€Å"such a design is utilized when researchers are interested in exploring and understanding participants’ perspectives and perceptions† (p. 227). Meanwhile, the researcher’s approach was to undertake a qualitative research. The rationale for selecting basic interpretive qualitative study can be said to be directly linked with the definition given to qualitative research by Diriwà ¤chter & Valsiner (2006). This is because qualitative method was noted to be suitable when a researcher seeks to develop deeper understanding about a given topic and understand how people make meaning of experiences related to the topic. As part of the basic interpretive qualitative study, the researcher used in-depth interview as the major approach to data collection. This approach was helpful in ensuring that the researcher could collect very detailed qualitative opinions and ideas of respondents concerning the topic at hand. Having said this, the researcher could still have used a focus group method to gain even more data than was gathered. Specifically, focus group would have made it possible to collect behavioral data that would have been very important for understanding the issue and for decision making purposes (Seidman, 2013). The writing presented in the

Robie House, University of Chicago,Frank Lloyd Wright Essay

Robie House, University of Chicago,Frank Lloyd Wright - Essay Example as his profession and this was the right decision he made, that is which resulted in his successful career of building a lot of famous civil, commercial and public building. From his child hood aspiration of natural beauty he adopted prairie style of architecture. And for a lot of period before he got inspiration from Japanese art of architecture he built number of famous buildings the most famous among them are Robie House and Unity Temple in Oak Park. He brought a revolution in the field of architecture by building these places. Robie house was completed in the first decade of twentieth century. Other famous buildings that he made was his own house Taliesin which caught due to different reasons many times and rebuilt it again and again. The Taliesin was mixture of the prairie and modern style of architecture he obtained from his long experience. In 1915 he went to Japan on the request of Japanese emperor for building Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. He spent 7 years of his life here and a natural style Imperial Hotel was constructed in this period. The feature that become the reason of fame for him was that this building was â€Å"earthquake proof†. This was acclaimed by Frank Lloyd Wright after completion of the construction and was proved right after the earthquake struck of Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. The whole city was devastated except this building in the whole city. He in his life gave idea of new thinking in the field of architecture. The novelty of his ideas was the key to his successful works. He was a nature lover and believed in construction for pleasurable life of man. This fact is evident from his works all the buildings he constructed in the symbol of simple beauty. He was considered retired from profession after construction of Taliesin, but he came back to the profession dramatically by constructing Falling Water Residence in 1935 which was one of the masterpieces of his works. The social conditions that influenced Robie House was that it is situated

A World of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

A World of Art - Essay Example For instance, the Greeks invented three architectural systems called Doric, Ionic and Corinthian that stood for various meanings (Architecture, 2011). The Doric order, the column a sturdy and plain appearance, was used for the Parthenon in the capitol, and it incorporated worship of Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom (Architecture, 2011). The point of using the Doric order was to symbolize order and harmony, which coincides with the goddess Athena. Architecture was not the only form of art that reflected religion. Sculptures were vastly popular in ancient Greece and they often times were figures of gods and goddesses like Zeus, even heroes and events were created to mirror religion. In the Christian era, art and architecture were not very different from Greece in how religion was portrayed. Before Christianity was universally accepted, art had to be hidden. These artists did not focus on perfection and beauty as did those that produced Greek art because they sought importance in tra nsforming their beliefs and teaching the Christian religion to others (Early, 2007). Sculptures were rarely seen, and unlike Greek architecture, Christian architecture was bland and unadorned in comparison (Early, 2007). However, the interiors were rich with furnishings- marble, mosaics, hangings, etc. as if to show that Christianity is not about always being beautiful and showy, but faith is set at the hearth like the heart and done with the family. 2. a. Mannerism: This era was set in before the baroque period, and it was European art that occurred around 1520-1580 in Italy Renaissance (Sayre, 2007). The focal term was harmony, which was illustrated through naturalistic paintings, i.e. paintings that were universally recognized as meaning the same thing to various people. Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael were famous artists of this era (Sayre, 2007). b. Baroque: Following the mannerism era, baroque came about in the late 16th-early 18th century throughout Europe (Sayre, 2007). It is a form of art that reflects religious themes as well as express power in aristocracy society. Lavish palaces were influenced by baroque style, as well as the artists Peter Paul Rubens and Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Sayre, 2007). c. Rococo: This type of art stemmed from baroque in the late 18th century in France due to the fact that baroque artists began to experiment giving up their symmetry and turned to creating ornate and playful art (Sayre, 2007). A lot of this art was created to be motifs of decoration and often criticized for its lack of sophistication. However, despite the controversies, it still remains a part of art history and so do the artists that incorporated it like Franz Anton Bustelli and Andrea Casali (Sayre, 2007). d. Neoclassicism: Unlike Rococo style’s seemingly unimportance, the neoclassicism era was distinct and memorable through its utilization of the visual arts like music, architecture, literature, and theatre and occurred late 19th century all over Europe (Sayre, 2007). It actually became a sort-of outspoken response to the â€Å"shallow† form of Rococo. It portrayed elements like war, politics and bravery (Sayre, 2007). Lastly, the artists that represent this period are Sir Christopher Wren and William Kent. e. Romanticism: This era is viewed as being the intellectual era, not romance, that gained popularity in the late 18th

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBAL CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBAL CHANGE - Essay Example International Trade helps nations to make sound macroeconomic policies and help to educate the workforce. In short, nations who ‘globalize’ experience wide range of goods and services, low prices, improved health for citizens, better paying jobs etc. all initiating an improved standard of living with higher per capita incomes. Institutions like World Bank, International Monetary Fund facilitates globalization. World Trade Organization helps to regulate norms and rules of international trade between nations. The key finding of the study is that globalization is indispensible but should be checked with the policy of import substitution and export promotion of every nation. Introduction Choice of production and scarcity of resources is the central economic problem of any nation across the world. A nation should always engage its resources in the production of goods and services over which it has comparative cost advantage (Ricardo, 1992). This is only possible when the worl d economy is open and there is international trade between nations. International trade involves imports and exports. The level of international trade in a country can be found from the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. International trade as a % of world GDP has increased from 42.1% in 1980 to 62.1% in 2007. This is due to the emergence of globalization between nations which involves flow of funds, technology, products between nations. The foreign direct investment increased from 6.5%$ of GDP in 1980 to 31.8% in 2006. This is highly beneficial for the growth of developing nations and it also facilitates the progress of rich developed countries. The objective of this project is to analyse to what extent globalization in 1980 resulting in more even distributions of income. This essay also helps us to understand the importance and progress of international trade in the world economy. The study then emphasises the emergence of globalization in the eve of modern trade acceler ating growth. It also shows the changing pattern in international trade for the last 50 years. The work also gives an overview of the current scale and distribution of international trade across countries. Definitions and Measures of Inequality The level of development between nations is not same. There always exists income inequality between nations due to social, economical, political and natural differences. Income inequality is the inequality of income distribution. Blau (1977) defined income inequality as the average difference in status among a pair having relatively average status. Similarly, Firebaugh (2006) defined disparities in wealth status between people and Nations is defined as wealth inequality. Income inequality divides the economy into ‘haves† and â€Å"have nots†. Income inequality is detrimental to the growth of an economy, social justice and welfare of the peoples of a nation. People with low level of income remain dissatisfied with their fina ncial status thus inequitable income status in an economy often threatens the political stability of a nation. Income Inequality is also responsible for health problems in a country. It can often raise corruption in the society that can finally cause misallocation of resources in the society. There are various measurements of income inequality; the most commonly used is Gini Coefficient. The range of this index lies between 0 to 1 (0% to 100%), where 0 means perfect inequality and 1 shows no inequality. But it does not show why the inequality

The End of Innocence and the Darkness of Mans Heart Essay Example for Free

The End of Innocence and the Darkness of Mans Heart Essay In Lord of the Flies the author, William Golding, proves his theory on the origin of evil in many ways, a main one being the changes in the character Jack. William Goldings theory states that civilization prevents corruption. Human nature is evil but with the conformity of moral values, supervision, and consequences good behavior can be developed. In his book England is involved in a nuclear war and must evacuate the people. A group of private school boys who are presumably evacuees are dropped from a plane just before it crashes onto an uninhibited tropical island. The boys are called together by Ralph, who with Piggy had found a conch shell. As the other boys gather onto the platform another party of the boys, the choir, marches up. They are described as something dark or a creature, one of the first signs of evil. All of the boys decide to elect a leader and the candidates turn out to be Ralph and Jack, head of the choir. When the boys choose Ralph, Jack becomes enraged and Ralph offers that the choir be the hunters. Jack is then seen as the head hunter and a primary destructive force. Ralph, Jack, and another boy, Simon, head out to survey the land and assure that it is indeed an island. The boys have their first confrontation with a pig. Jack is unable to plunge his knife into living flesh and bear the sight of flowing blood because of the taboo of the old life. He is ashamed and vows next time he will kill it as he drives his knife into a tree trunk. This is one of the first major signs of troubleof the evil ahead. Jack is later described as an animal, symbolizing the loss of civilization. His transition into evil begins as the influence of his former life and the conditioning wears off. The hunters go out to hunt again and proudly return with meat. Jack remarks with pride about how they cut the pigs throat though he twitches as he speaks of this achievement. Jack has not yet reached the point of savage abandonment. His mind was crowded with memories; memories of the knowledge that had come to them when they closed in on the struggling pig, knowledge that they had outwitted a living thing,  imposed their will upon it, taken away its life like a long satisfying drink. Another sign of the conditioning wearing off is when Jack hits another boy, Piggy, breaking his specs, because Piggy stood up for himself and his beliefs. On another hunt, Ralph joins the hunters. This hunt is unsuccessful because the boar gets away but Ralph is proud that he hit the pig in the snout with a spear. After this failure the boys start a reenactment with Robert, a smaller boy, acting as the pig. They begin the chant Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in! and an overwhelming dark desire possesses the boys. This is the final stage before Jacks transition into complete evil. When Jack is angered that the boys do not want him as leader he travels to the other part of the beach and forms his own tribe. He informs the tribe that they are going to forget about a so-called beast and hunt. This hunt is an electrifying success. The boys hunted a helpless sow and as the afternoon wore on, hazy and dreadful with damp heat; the sow staggered her way ahead of them, bleeding and mad, and the hunters followed, wedded to her in lust, excited by the long chase and the dropped blood. When they kill the pig there is no twitch of conscience as Jack has fully transitioned into an evil boy. While the boys are feasting on this pig and celebrating their victory Simon is searching for the so-called beast. He runs into the pigs head on a stick, an offering for the beast. The head transforms into the Lord of the Flies (literal translation for Beelzebub, the chief of the devils) and Simon has an imaginary conversation with it. The Lord of the Flies explains that it is part of Simon, part of the boys, part of all men. He is the reason things are what they are. He is the demonic essence that is taking over Jack and the other boys in their evilness. Simon discovers that the beast is harmless and he goes running to the boys to share the good news. The boys are starting their dance when Simon runs into the middle of the circle and is killed. Simon becomes the suffering victim of the boys and of Jacks madness. The final and climactic abhorrence is the hunt for Ralph. Jack does not like Ralph because Ralph does not like Jack so Jack convinces the other boys that Ralph is the beast in disguise. Jack had previously explained to the boys that Simon was not really Simon, but the beast in disguise and he had not really been killed. At this point Jack is completely evil, as there is no civilization. In Lord of the Flies Jacks changes into evil prove Goldings theory about the origin of evil. As civilization is destroyed, Jack becomes more and more evil. At the beginning of the book one can see such signs of trouble as his reaction the failure to kill the pig. Into the middle the conditioning wearing off is rather apparent, as he becomes prone to killing. Finally, by the end Jack is completely evil. It is the end of innocence and the darkness of mans heart.

Coping Mechanism For Stress Management Psychology Essay

Coping Mechanism For Stress Management Psychology Essay Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isnt always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when youre constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price. You can protect yourself by recognizing the signs and symptoms of stress and taking steps to reduce its harmful effects. (1, 3) We generally use the word stress when we feel that everything seems to have become too much we are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with the pressures placed upon us. (3) Basically, stress is the unconscious preparation to fight or flee with the situation that a person experiences when faced with any demand, triggered by stressors causing strain or distress. So any strain that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress.(5) Some stresses get you going and they are good for you without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad. (1, 3, 8) Then there are basically three issues: Stress Identification Stress Segregation (among positive and negative stressors) Stress Management Signs and symptoms of stress overload The following table lists some of the common warning signs and symptoms of stress. The more signs and symptoms you notice in yourself, the closer you may be to stress overload. Cognitive Symptoms Memory problems Inability to concentrate Poor judgment Seeing only the negative Anxious or racing thoughts Constant worrying Physical Symptoms Aches and pains Diarrhea or constipation Nausea, dizziness Chest pain, rapid heartbeat Loss of sex drive Frequent colds Coping mechanism for stress management Stress is a fact of everyday life but it all depends on our perception about stressors. We may be motivated and invigorated by the events in our lives, or we may see some as stressful and respond in a manner that may have a negative effect on our health and well-being.(3, 8) So one can think about the positive ways by which one can currently manage and cope with stress in the life.(2, 4) Thus there are two possible way outs from distress or strain one is unhealthy ways and the other is healthier ways to cope up with stress which are as follows:- Unhealthy ways of coping with stress These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more damage in the long run: Smoking Drinking too much Overeating or under eating Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities Using pills or drugs to relax Sleeping too much Procrastinating Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems Taking out your stress on others (lashing out, angry outbursts, physical violence) (5, 7) Healthier ways to manage stress If your methods of coping with stress arent contributing to your greater emotional and physical health, its time to re-think and to find out healthier ones. There are many healthy ways to manage and cope with stress, but they all require change. You can either change the situation or change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose, its helpful to think of the four As: Avoid, Alter, Adapt, or Accept. (6, 8) These four As can be grouped into two categories: Change the situation: Avoid the stressor. Alter the stressor. Change your reaction: Adapt to the stressor. Accept the stressor. 1: Avoid unnecessary stress Not all stress can be avoided, and its not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that you can eliminate. Learn how to say no Avoid people who stress you out Take control of your environment Avoid hot-button topics Pare down your to-do list 2: Alter the situation If you cant avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to change things so the problem doesnt present itself in the future. Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life. Express your feelings instead of bottling them up Be willing to compromise. Be more assertive. Manage your time better.(2,5) 3: Adapt to the stressor If you cant change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude. Reframe problems Look at the big picture. Adjust your standards. Focus on the positive. Adjusting Your Attitude 4: Accept the things you cant change Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You cant prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, its easier than railing against a situation you cant change. Dont try to control the uncontrollable. Look for the upside. Share your feelings. Learn to forgive. There could be two additional stress management strategies which are as follows: 5: Make time for fun and relaxation Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, youll be in a better place to handle lifes stressors when they inevitably come. (7) Healthy ways fun and relaxation Go for a walk. Spend time in nature. Call a good friend. Sweat out tension with a good workout. Write in your journal. Take a long bath. Light scented candles. Savor a warm cup of coffee or tea. Play with a pet. Work in your garden. Get a massage. Curl up with a good book. Listen to music. Watch a comedy. Dont get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury. (4) Set aside relaxation time. Connect with others. Do something you enjoy every day. Keep your sense of humor. 6: Adopt a healthy lifestyle You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health. Exercise regularly. Eat a healthy diet. Reduce caffeine and sugar. Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Get enough sleep. If you ask what the single most important key to longevity is, I would have to say it is avoiding worry, stress and tension. And if you didnt ask me, Id still have to say it.- George F. Burns, Beloved American Comedian, 1896-1996.(5, 6, 7) Stress is fact of everyday life so we must learn how to turn stress into bliss. Just by understanding ourselves and our reaction to stress-provoking situations, we can learn to handle stress more effectively. Adopting the right attitude can convert a negative stress into a positive one. Hans Selye, Father of stress,

The Peace of Westphalia, 1648

The Peace of Westphalia, 1648 In 1648, the Peace of Westphalia signalled the end of a decades old European conflict. It is difficult to decipher the true meaning of the Peace of Westphalia because it represented the end of a war which ended in a way which was different from where it began. Religious confrontation morphed into a struggle and opportunity to advance state strategic interests. However, Leo Gross, Andreas Osiander, and Derek Croxton each make varying arguments on the effects of the Peace of Westphalia. In The Peace of Westphalia, 1648-1948, Leo Gross contends that the Peace of Westphalia is significant because it consecrated the principle of toleration by establishing the equality between Protestant and Catholic states and by providing some safeguards for religious minorities.  [1]  Thus, he states the Peace of Westphalia was the starting point for the development of modern international law.  [2]  Essentially, no one country would have a right (divine or other) to have power over another, as each states was acknowledged as sovereign. However, although this would be nice in theory, history has shown that Europe bled itself dry because of conflicts in the centuries following the Peace of Westphalia. Gross states that the Peace of Westphalia marked mans abandonment of the idea of hierarchical structure of society and his opinion for a new system characterized by the coexistence of a multiplicity of states, each sovereign within its territory, equal to one another, and free fr om any external earthly authority.  [3]  This statement is fundamentally flawed, although perhaps in theory, each state was equal they were absolutely not equal. It would be foolish to treat all states following the Peace of Westphalia as equally sovereign. For example he German states gained the right to ally themselves with states outside of the Holy Roman Empire, but the Swiss and the Dutch gained de facto sovereignty. Gross strengthens his argument when he acknowledges precedents set by previous treaties; however his constant romanticization of the Peace of Westphalia harms his argument, as it seems he focuses on his nostalgic viewpoint of the Peace of Westphalia.  [4]  Because no formal declaration of sovereignty existed at the time of the Peace of Westphalia, the parties involved found it individually beneficial to advance their national strategic interests, by enhancing state power. For example, Frances cardinal Richelieu was a brilliant realist strategist. Even thoug h the Austria and Spain were Catholic powers, he believed that Frances national interest could be advanced by opposing these two powers. France even continued to fight Spain while seeking a separate peace with Austria. Moreover, Grosss argument contains a glaring post hoc ergo. Gross states that we should search not so much in the text of the treaties themselves as in their implications, in the broad conceptions on which they rest and the developments to which they provided impetus.  [5]  The fallacy is that Gross claims that because the Peace of Westphalia was before our modern conception of sovereignty, it does not necessarily follow that the Peace of Westphalia alone created our modern conception of sovereignty. There were many more factors at play. Grosss argument is too straightforward as it assumes that all actors following the war were fundamentally equal. In Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth, Andreas Osiander contends that The Peace of Westphalia is a product of nineteenth and twentieth century fixation on the concept of sovereignty. I conclude by discussing how what I call the ideology of sovereignty has hampered the development of IR theory  [6]  According to Osiander the (Thirty Years) war continued because the Swedish and French crowns wanted to enhance their positions in Europe.  [7]  He comes to a conclusion that if the war war not fought to ward off a threat to the independence of other European actors posed by the Hasburg dynasty, then the tradition of the 1648 peace cannot be right either  [8]  Nineteenth and twentieth century historians readily espoused the view somehow that the Danes, Dutch, French, and Swedes were really defending themselves while also selflessly helping others to ward off oppression  [9]  He claims this is why the Peace of Westphalia is often seen as an anti-he gemonial order.  [10]  He directly accuses Leo Gross as spreading this false view. Osiander claims that many subsequent literature on this view, assume Grosss views to be self evident and implied in the treaty. Osiner strengthens his argument when he quotes another scholar who agree with him, Stephen Krassner. Osiander claims that history has viewed the Hasburgs as the villains of the Thirty Years War, and that the original crisis did not break out because the Hasburgs were powerful, but because they were weak.  [11]  Andreas Osiander views the Peace of Westphalia through the viewpoint of a postmodernist. He is challenging our previous knowledge of the Peace of Westphalia, and underlying assumptions held by previous scholars. He is purposely reversing traditional notions of historical interpretations such as the belief of the Hasburg dynasty as the villains of the Thirty Years War. Osiander is correct to warn there may be a harm of placing our values, our beliefs, onto histo rical events. Osianders argument is important as it forces us to re-examine commonly held beliefs about the Peace of Westphalia and its significance. Moreover he claims that Sovereignty as currently understood does not go back to the seventeenth century; that even then and nevertheless, relations among autonomous actors were perfectly possible without waiting for the concept to be invented; that the degree of autonomy of the actors might very.  [12]  He strengthens his argument when he acknowledges that the relationships between the actors involved in the Peace of Westphalia were very complex. In The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty, Derek Croxton doubts as whole, that sovereignty was a main principle of the Peace of Westphalia. Croxtons main argument is that de facto sovereign states existed at a time when few statesmen had anything like the modern conception of sovereign equality as the founding notion of the international system.  [13]  Croxton acknowledges that the main difficulty of the origins of sovereignty lies not in rulers which claims themselves to be sovereign but other leaders who acknowledge that sovereignty.  [14]  He accurately points out that papal authority was already in decline, the Peace of Westphalia just quickened the pace of the decline.  [15]  Croxton states that many scholars claim that sovereignty was dispersed to kings and princes in the Holy Roman Empire following its defeat in the Thirty Years war. However, he bluntly and correctly notes that the Holy Roman Empire lasted for another 158 years  [16]  an d that although the estates were given new rights, including the right to make alliances with outside powers and a territorial right of dominions, the rights demonstrate the limits to their sovereignty rather than its triumph superiority within their own.  [17]  Moreover, Croxton claims that The idea of sovereignty was not new in the 1640s; the question was whether sovereignty should be multipolar.  [18]  This view correctly challenges the assumption that the Peace of Westphalia was a groundbreaking event, even though it did make changes to the international system of politics. Throughout the readings, it is apparent that the relationship between the European states was very complicated, intricate, and included interrelationships based upon numerous factors. These factors could include a balance of religious, imperial, interstate and intrastate relationships. The Peace of Westphalia promoted the division of power, but ironically it also created a new balance of power among the European states. The The Peace of Westphalia promoted more moderation on behalf of all states, as whenever a power tried to dominate Europe (i.e. Napoleonic France or Hitlers Germany), there emerged a coalition of opposing forces to restore the balance of power. The balance of power did not avoid crisis, but it did create an equilibrium in which no one state had the ability to completely dominate the others.

Governmental Structures Essay -- essays research papers

As I began to create my ideal world, I realized that what I wanted was a mix of three different governments/cultures. I wanted (and still do) a government truly of and for the people. I also wanted a government that was minimalist, one that made sure there was some kind of order and peace, but one that was well, personal, while not interfering too much with the rights of it's citizens. Additionally, I wanted a government that would allow private industry, small businesses, and limited corporations. This government would regulate the economy by being in charge of major industries and the minimum wage. This government would even the playing field for everyone who wanted to play on it. Education would be excellent, but driven by the wants of the individual. Basically, I wanted a government that did not fit well into any of Stewart's categories. Please forgive me if this essay sounds vague at times, because without being able to mimic typical governments, my nation is difficult to describe in the way Stewart describes what has been before. My nation is neither Democratic Socialist, nor Radical Liberal, nor Anarchist (though I would have loved to created an Anarchist culture, I was afraid to, after all, I am a child of the Regan years) I suppose you'll just have to read along and discern what type of government this is by how I describe it. In my previous "My Way" essay, I described a world in which a person was taken care of by the government and themselves throughout their lives. Because of effective birth control methods implemented in the year 2000, the population of the United States decreased slowly, allowing for more change to take place because there were basically fewer people to complicate the change in governmental structure. From birth until death, a citizen was covered by the national health care system. This national system included all hospitals and doctors under in 2050, a medical "umbrella" for the entire nation. As life continued for a citizen of America in 2050, he or she would enter into their local school system, based upon Montessori-style education. Within 12-14 years, they would graduate with the experience of a semester abroad and an Associates degree. The school system isn't based so much upon technological advances as it is by fundamental changes in the way the sc... ...en lives a healthy life, one in which they are physically able to achieve his or her goals. As a citizen in 2050, a person has the right to an excellent education, made possible for everyone because of the smaller amounts of students in schools. The paradigms of 2050 create a community in which people see each other as equals and this creates more harmonious interaction between individuals. The structure of nationalized industries produces products that are inexpensive and efficient. The new structure of government allows regular people to communicate with and effect government without selling out to a political party. Perhaps my system isn't perfect, but it is the best possible idea I can conceive of right now. I just wanted to create a system that would in turn, create a community of individuals who really cared about each other. In each of the systems I looked at, I found good and bad points, so I took as many of the good points from all of them to create the best system I could. So, this is my system; one in which healthy, educated people live together in a community, supported by a system of checks and balances, which keep a just and stable government

George Rogers Clark Essay -- American History Revolutionary War Essays

George Rogers Clark Who was George Rogers Clark? This is probably a question most people in America couldn't answer. The reason is very simple, George Rogers Clark was a hero in an age of heroism. He simply could not compare with the legends of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other Revolutionary War heroes. Clark nevertheless is very important, especially to the people of Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana who became apart of the United States of America because of his great leadership and bravery in military campaigns at Kaskaskia, Illinois and Vincennes, Indiana during the Revolutionary War. George Rogers Clark was born in Albermale County, Virginia on November 19, 1752 to John and Ann Rogers Clark. The Clark family consisted of six boys and four girls living on a four hundred acre plantation. George Rogers Clark was not even the most famous person in his family, his younger brother William later came to fame with his good friend Merriwether Lewis for exploring Thomas Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase. The Clark family was very well to do and influential, which enabled them to send young George to very good school, and have him tutored by some of the great minds in the region, like George Mason. George Rogers Clark had three friendships as a child that forever changed and shaped his future as a leader and revolutionary war hero. Thomas Jefferson's father owned a nearby plantation, though there was a nine year age difference between Thomas Jefferson and George Rogers Clark, the two enjoyed a life long friendship. He was also a classmate of James Madison, who would later be a strong supporter of George Rogers Clark and his military campaigns. Last, George Mason, a future Revolutionary war statesman and me... ...ow a great man the respect he deserved. When we learn about Revolutionary war history in school we learn about George Washington, Patrick Henry, and even Nathan Hale. But never is a word spoken about the accomplishments of George Rogers Clark and his small band of soldiers who assisted to the victory in east with their victories at Kaskaskia and Vincennes. Their has not been a serious work written on George Rogers Clark in nearly fifty year, and in schooling he is completely neglected. All of this is wrong, Clark was very important to the Revolutionary War victory and even more vital to opening the gateway to the west. For this reason his legacy and story should not die but instead be passed down to future generations along with the legends of Washington, Henry, Jefferson and all other Revolutionary War hero's without whom we may not be where we are today.

Brotherhood in “Sonny’s Blues” Essay

Since I was a small child, around two years old, I have had the privilege and sometimes the complete terror of being an older brother. This has been a rewarding experience for me, and has given me many learning opportunities and teaching opportunities in my fairly short life. Because of my experience as an older brother I was more fully able to understand and appreciate the struggles and triumphs that the two brothers in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† endured. While I have never personally had to deal with the extreme experiences and responsibilities that the narrator dealt with, I can still relate simply as an older brother myself. Throughout the short story I found myself questioning how I would deal with Sonny if he were my brother. I finally came to the conclusion that if I had dealt with Sonny, I would have probably handled him in nearly the same way as the narrator did. While I questioned his judgment at times, I feel that the older brother played his role well or at least to the best of his ability. Regardless of how the narrator dealt with his brother the final outcome is the most important aspect of the story, and it shows that brotherhood is capable of overcoming hardship and misunderstanding because it is so important in regard to human survival and success. The fact that brotherhood prevails over all things is an important theme, and one that rings so very true. The first struggle that the reader is introduced to in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is the distinct age difference between Sonny and his older brother. â€Å"The seven years’ difference in our ages lay between us like a chasm. I wondered if these years would ever operate between us as a bridge.† (Baldwin, 44 – hereafter referred to as page number only) The so-called â€Å"chasm† is the hurdle that must be cleared in the story, and that â€Å"clearing of the hurdle† is the key to forming a solid, emotional relationship between the brothers. The â€Å"bridge† is finally formed when the narrator attends Sonny’s performance at the jazz club. The fact that we get to see the interaction between the two brothers is important, but even more important is that the reader sees the narrator’s realization of his brother’s talent in the first person. This allows us to feel how deeply it touches the narrator, and gives us a perspective of his overflowing of emotion. â€Å"For, while the tale of how we suffer, and how we are delighted, and how we  may triumph is never new, it always must be heard. There isn’t any other tale to tell, it’s the only light we’ve got in all this darkness.† (61) This particular passage was very striking to me, because it showed that the narrator finally realized that Sonny had a story too. He realizes that Sonny has suffered, but he has also triumphed many times, and in many ways. The narrator had a blanketing view of Sonny, in which Sonny could never be successful at anything. While Sonny is playing he tells his brother that they are more alike than they know, and that they both have the same story, just with different details. The brothers have finally found a bond, a common thread, and that is one of the most important things that brothers can have. James Baldwin was a writer of his past. He used his personal experiences to more effectively write his detailed and emotional stories and essays. One important aspect to his writing in general, but more specifically in his early stories is poverty stricken Harlem, New York. Baldwin uses personal experiences and opinions to make his characters a part of the Harlem he lived through. The idea that Harlem is in a vicious cycle of destroying generation after generation, and the constant desire of youth to find a way out are two very important themes in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues.† Harlem is a place that repeats itself over and over, like a scratched record. Yet no one is willing to help the other out. For each generation the tragedy of Harlem is new, for the older people are reluctant to inform the young ones of the condition of the black race (Goldman, 1). The narrator repeatedly observes that nothing has changed across generations, not the buildings or the lives of those who grow up in them† (McBride, 201). The narrator also compares Sonny’s heroin addiction to prison and then compares them both to Harlem, truly showing the dire situation that he and his brother find themselves in. The restriction and oppression of Harlem is an important element in explaining the stranglehold that is on their lives from the time they are young. It is a theme that I wish Baldwin would have explored more because the environment a child is placed in is very important to the kind of person they become in life. In some ways I was disappointed with the way in which the narrator dealt with Sonny and his heroin addiction. I found it questionable that he waited until after his daughter’s death to write to Sonny. But at the same time, this provides a great example of his inherent need for his brother in his time of hurt. The narrator was in need of Sonny to help him through his tough time, and maybe at the same time realized his own failures to Sonny when he was struggling himself. The most important thing that comes from the letter to Sonny was that contact was finally made, which is the first and most important step to rekindling the brotherhood. While music becomes the integral part of bringing the brothers back together, it had a shaky start as a part of their relationship. Sonny had started playing the piano while living at his brother’s in-laws. He became quite talented but heroin addiction got in his way, and eventually tripped him up. One important conversation the brothers had was after their mother’s funeral, Sonny’s brother notes: â€Å"I simply couldn’t see why on earth he’d want to spend his tine hanging around nightclubs, clowning around on bandstands, while people pushed each other around a dance floor. (50)† Readers understand how indifferent and ignorant the narrator is in regard to Sonny’s music. Sonny’s brother dissents with Sonny’s idea of making a living as a musician and insists he should finish school first. Finally, Sonny’s frustration explodes, â€Å"He slammed the window so hard I thought the glass would fly out, and turned back to me. ‘And I’m sick of the stink of these garbage cans! (52)'† The narrator describes the feelings and emotions of this exchange vividly so the reader understands the strong emotions and disagreement that exists. We see the difference in attitudes about life and music, which deepens the â€Å"chasm† between them. This difference leads to the long span of silence and misunderstanding. The silence is finally broken after the narrator’s daughter dies of polio. Sonny’s brother writes him in prison, breaking himself out of his emotional defense towards his brother. â€Å"My trouble made his real (55),† states the narrator speaking of his letter and the new contact. The first step is taken, and from there the relationship starts building new foundations. Finally, after Sonny leaves prison, he comes to visit his brother in Harlem.  When Sonny comes home the narrator momentarily feels â€Å"that icy dread again† as he watches his brother for signs of drug addiction, hating himself for being so suspicious but unable to prevent it (Bernardo, 1). This begins the road back to a true brotherhood for Sonny and the narrator, despite the questions that Sonny may be asked by his brother and the questionable future he may have. While Sonny is visiting his brother in Harlem, the two brothers take a walk and happen upon a street revival where a group of musicians are playing. The brothers stop to listen, and the reader is given the suggestion that the brothers seem to come to a realization while listening. While watching, the narrator states that the music â€Å"seemed to soothe a poison out of them† which suggests his understanding of Sonny’s need for music. This scene then leads to Sonny’s invitation for his brother to come watch him play at the jazz club (Goldman, 232). Later that evening when Sonny and his brother arrive at the club the narrator is stricken by the celebrity that Sonny seems to hold at the club. Sonny’s brother notes: â€Å"It turned out that everyone at the bar knew Sonny, or almost everyone; there were some musicians, working there, or nearby, or not working, some where simply hangers-on, and some were there to see Sonny play. I was introduced to all of them, and they were all very polite to me. Yet it was clear that, for them, I was only Sonny’s brother. Here, I was in Sonny’s world. Or rather, his kingdom. Here it was not even a question that his veins bore royal blood.† (59) This statement alone is telling of the humbling experience Sonny’s brother is about to endure. He has finally realized that there is more to Sonny than heroin, piano, and failure. He is a successful person and he has a distinct and impressive talent for playing the jazz piano. Finally the music begins, and as Sonny is sitting at his piano, slightly illuminated by an indirect light, the adventure starts for both Sonny and his brother. The first set is not one in which Sonny triumphs, but in the second, begun with â€Å"Am I Blue,† he takes the lead and begins to form a  musical creation. He becomes, in the narrators words, â€Å"part of the family again† (61). The family that he joins is questionable, but I believe it is truly both families. He joins the family of jazz players, from whom he has been gone for so long, but he also rejoins his namesake family and reinstates his place with his brother. The set continues, with Sonny expressing himself with wildly flowing statements on his piano. He is dripping with sweat, dripping with the loss of his pent up emotion and his relief of finally getting to play for his brother. The jazz begins to take on deeper meaning for the brothers, and the life they have led becomes one life, theirs as brothers. They no longer lived as individuals with separate lives and understandings. They finally reached an understanding of each other that only brothers could have between themselves. The music is simply a vehicle for arriving there. The description Baldwin gives of the musical exchange is a work of beauty in itself. It is a statement of the power of the artist as a poet, the power of the musician. The ability to create out of oneself, to take the chaos of the world – especially the world Sonny lives in – into the self and represent it as the universal narrative (McBride, 200). The passage would not be nearly as effective if there had only been a simple overview of the scene. He brings music and emotion and brotherhood all together in one tight little package, making for one of the most moving scenes in American literature. The final scene in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is striking and is dripping with real life emotion. The idea that one set of blues can bring together two brothers who have not talked in years is amazing, but so very true. The brothers have nothing in common between them apart from the same parents but they are forced through familial obligation to push aside those differences and show compassion and understanding for each other. These are the enduring qualities of brotherhood and they show that no matter how hard a person may try they still are in need of family. This desire within the two brothers brings them together and allows them to truly understand what being a brother is really all about. The differences in the brothers eventually lead to their similarities and that is an amazing thing. Brotherhood transcends time, age, intelligence, failure, success, and grief. It is more than a  choice and it is more than an obligation. Brotherhood is carnal and never-ending, and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† captures the essence of brotherhood beautifully.

Benjamin Franklin’s Life and Study Essay

The avocation discussion is based on an article, Franklin, Modernity, and Themes of discord in the Early Modern time by Carla Mulford from Modern Langu ripen Studies, Vol. 28, zero(prenominal) 2. (Spring 1998), pp. 13-27. This has been move step to the foren from JSTOR Archives. JSTOR Archive is a believe digital repository for academic journals and studious literature around the world. It is supported by Libraries and Scholar Societies. The article discusses or so Franklins views on Religion, Metaphysics and Deism. One squirt control how dissent was meant in Franklins eld and how its perceived now.Creation of Ameri outhouse Dream, learning some socio metaphysical shipway of leading a life and rough(prenominal) facets of Franklins views on devotion hobo be jiben here. Franklin was a precursor among indwelling scientists and his work on natural philosophical system is in addition discussed here. Also his association calling cardh his on the wholeys daughter as a tutor and assisting her to pursue her study on natural philosophy and his views on historic action can be examined. He was much a deist than an skeptic but citizenry see him much as an atheist in his long time and some of his family members too were of the same view.His kindredities with George Whitman and new(prenominal) personalisedities are discussed. His spoofs on piety, advice to community to screw up in philosophy and to be effective to fellow beings, his facts close to(predicate) Bible and Christianity during her rare overprotects days can be examined here. Franklin was a pi unmatchableer in more than one field and he was also a successful commercial enterpriseman and a diplomat. In authors view, history production involves some assumptions about the past and some relevance to national myth do and silencing the past.Since the stories of the past are forever expandable, the gathering of multiple stories blocks a nations ability to accommodate stories of other single out which might disrupt the conventional and accepted wisdom about their open up fathers. She quotes Trouillot steer that if the producers of the stories in the past lived inequalities then the stories defer unequal historical power (Carla Mulford, P 13). In the same context she says, US citizens who humps much about Benjamin Franklin doesnt know about his son and who tidal bore him and the records which exist are silent on this issue.Also when battalion verbalise about confederation and constitution, they tend to speak about Anglo-American debates and the Civil war instead of the autochthonous people representing the six nations. Also she quoted benedict Andersons words US residential district alienates themselves from conventional ideas of dynastic empires, absolutisms, serfdoms, ghettoes and is more inclined(p) to republican institutions, nation-states (Carla Mulford, P 15). Benjamin Franklin was a Scholar, Deist, Philanthropist, Writer, Diplomat, Journal ist, Civil Leader and a Scientist. at that place is more to his astounding brilliance in each respective field.Franklin and Religion His was a puritan family and it had much influence on him. His religious views were simple and straightforward. According to him, piety should make people do more good and help our fellow beings. Deists take overt believe in orthodoxy and age old superstitious customs. Although he was a deist, he was more outspoken and sometimes confesses that this doctrine though true is little using upful in making people virtuous. He always believes that dish up to manhood is service to God. He had Unitarian views and sometimes visits Unitarian Churches along with his friends.However he cannot be included among the Unitarians as he never openly stated about his inclination towards Unitarianism. He used to go to Unitarian Churches with his friends. According to Wikipedia, Deism is a religious philosophy and movement that derives the humanity and constitutio n of god from reason and personal experience in contrast to theism. He rejects orthodox Christian views. In a way he dissents the principles of Church. In his days, dissents were those who speak against church. Religion used to be associated with almost allthing and hence to speak against something orthodox was do by as dissentious.Explaining about the dissenting nature of his family he says how his Great Great grandad conceals the English Bible from the officers of the spiritual court. He admires the Evangelist Preacher, George Whitefield. He says religion should be the best way in explaining ethical motive to the people. In Geoffrey Sills lines of similarity surrounded by Franklin and Whitman Their strong interest in science and technology and America was a basis experiment in democracy and their similar views on religious dissent. olibanum Franklins view of religion as a moral freedom brings juxtaposed outlook on the religion disciplines which people follow.He had friends among Unitarians, Deists and other religions. He treats tot tot onlyyy religions the same. When he supported his friend to apparatus a Unitarian Church he stated that whoever leader comes irrespective of religion should be allowed to preach. On his funeral, people who mob to see him were a mix of all religions. There were views in those times that people who believe in science interrogative religion. Franklin doesnt agree to this. Instead he sometimes confesses the virtues of religion. Franklin, a Scientist Franklin was arguably the introductory American Scientist. He crossed the disconnection Stream and he used to take weather forecasts on his horse ridings.He examine storms and discovered Electricity. He was also the founding father of Civic cognition in America. One can see Franklin flying a kite in their school text books. Being a Civic Scientist, he did public service and organized sermons. He formed the JUNTO, a discussion group for his friends, leaders and business p eople. He promoted Libraries, Civic Societies and Education, Hospitals and Schools. He positive Mail Delivery System and unwarranted Letter Office. With one of his French friends, he once queried, What signifies Philosophy that doesnt habituate to some use? He regards insects praiseworthy of an enquiry and research because, as per him, even appropriate use of insects can realise humans. He says one should never nonperformance ones essential duties in keeping line with the study. He wrote in Poor Ric cloggy for October, 1750, Hide not your Talents, they for use were made, / whats a Sun-Dial in a Shade He invented Franklin stove and bi focal lens. He also studied sea water luminescence and naval temperatures. He explained about the dangers of Lead poisoning and hypothesized about Wave Theory of Light. Franklin, a DiplomatHe encourages Education. He wasnt sent to school due to his fathers poverty. He was mostly self educated. He worked in a newspaperwoman shop initially and then subsequently shifted to work in a press. He was one of the founding fathers of America. His role in American Revolution is still considered. Franklin was unfearing and bold and had very good plangency with French and end most of the issues during the war. Franklin with all his diplomacy skills worked in forming a quiescence treaty during the war with French. He helped in the establishment of Pennsylvanias beginning(a) State University.A town was named afterwards him due to his services. He was also noteworthy for his anecdotes. Conclusion This article covers almost all aspects of Benjamin Franklin, his nature and his achievements. I can clearly examine his views on religion and how he was a dissent among his people. money box date whenever I hear of Franklin, I can only imagine a bald guy flying a kite and running as this should be the case with most of the people. Our schools teach Franklins discovering Electricity in thunder storms. Its only after reading the see that I found the innumerable qualities and facets of his life.I came to know now that he was not only a scientist but a diplomat. You would see him in almost every walk of life. There is no perplexity to find his name under every subject. Apart from Electricity I commonly hear his name linked with American Revolution, his diplomacy in having a mollification treaty with France. Now I can imagine how great a personality like him would be. His life spanned over eighty years ranging from a writer to a scientist and to a Legislative member. He was the founding father of the concept of Great American Dream. Ive also found out from this essay about his works on Natural Philosophy.Ive also larn about his role as an educationist and in promoting Women Education. Also I came to know about his friends among several religious groups and about his mutual interest in some(prenominal) deism and Unitarianism. He is famous for his wit and humor. There was a story that during musical composit ion Writing which Franklin resolved a hard stop by asking the Ministers in the Council to pray for a few minutes. about of them didnt agree and he resolved the issue without a prayer. America would remember Franklin as long as they remember Martin Luther King.Work CitesWorld Wide electronic network 1) Ben Franklin Scientist and Philanthropist. http//www. nps. gov/archive/inde/Franklin_Court/Pages/franklinscientist. hypertext markup language 2) Franklins Contributions to the American Revolution as a Diplomat in France. http//www. ushistory. org/valleyforge/history/franklin. hypertext mark-up language 3) Lane, Neal. Benjamin Franklin, Civic Scientist. October 2003, page 41. http//www. physicstoday. org/vol-56/iss-10/p41. html 4) Rev. Clear, Bruce. THE RELIGION OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Sunday. May 1. 2005. only Souls Unitarian Church. Indianapolis. http//allsoulsuuindy. org/ser20050501. htm.

People have become overly dependent on technology

The World Wide weathervane is a bulky world that should be controlled. The net has many a nonher(prenominal) advantages and disadvantages. It is either to be a spendful gibe or to be a harmful weapon. The net had many do and side effects in the social bearing, Safety and as well as purchasing or lead astrayping. If it was controlled solely those go away be much fail and life dep artifice be easier. However, if it was uncontrolled that go away take away to huge problems. The peaceful mari onette entrust convert to be a harmful weapon. It wont charge man only if I lead kill nations and cultures. First, the net pee-pee had developed the t each(prenominal)ing methods and made the pedagogics uch easier and better.The scholarly person quarter look up for any subject that he choose in the internet and It go away fair(a) pop up to him. It is better than referring to books. meshing go forth take you seconds to find special(prenominal) learning, while books ma y take hours and solar day to look up on them. The student home becomes, assignments and projects a corresponding require him to use net profit. The students and kids ar totally adequate to look up for anything in the Internet, so that hatful lead to one of two things. First, Either the kids will use that to improve their skills, knowledge and they will catch up with the applied science.Second, they will scraping to look up for pornographic media and it will be easy to obtain. It will place d coerce a stack of their pargonnts work. They may hook online games as most of the kids in this time. This will cause them their social life. They wont be able to pass water friends or to digest with anyone. They will not determine that they are wrong until they grew up and become adults. In that time they will notice that they earn no friends or anyone about him. It will be very hard in that time to recover what he did. non to mention that the kids who stay a lot in the Inte rnet they got some issues.They will call for pain in their packs and in their hands. This pain will be spy after they grew up. notwithstanding they will feel that their eyes are becoming weaker with time. It is the primary(prenominal) reason for why similarly many deal are wearing glaze in these days. They should be censored in what they see, how long they set in count of their computers or laptop computers and how they set. Second, The Internet cornerstone be used by governments to ensure the safety. It is a likewisel that the governments basin use to abide by the strange cases and stop them right away. at that place were some cases those terrorist used emails to contact each other.If their emails were controlled and under the government eyes they would plausibly save human lives. Governments should also watch over the text massaging and instant massaging such(prenominal) WhatsApp or skype because it may used to plan for something. If governments work harder in the telecommunication security side, they would arrive at many things that they are trying to do by other methods. They may recover a terrorist or also a murder evident, these things should not be ignored. another(prenominal) wise we will watch a new type of terrorist that is more creep than the previous ones.Third, in that location are types ot thieves and terrorist. In these days the worse type ot it is the hacker. thither are a lot of hackers in this time. Those hackers may do small things such hacking an email. They also may do huge things like trying to hack a financial websites and steal the money from it. there are a lot of peck who shops in the Internet and they are all afraid from the hackers or the fake website. Since they sound fill in their credit bill poster information. They will find out that they were stolen. There are many fake websites and hackers that use Internet to gain money.The huge what hackers can do is trying to steal a bank. If government do not tigh ten banks, great deal money will good disappear. All the financial websites should be secured and controlled by the government so no automobile trunk baffle stolen. Finally, The Internet can be a very useful tool to develop and to live a better life. However, this can never be unless that the Internet was secured and under the government eyes. I desire that wad understand the meaning of the Internet and how harmful can it be. I also hope that people understand how a useful it is if it was used properly.People make headway water Become Overly Dependent on TechnologyHumans declare been called the animals which make things, and at no time in history has this been so obvious as the present. Today, every human activity is bloodsucking upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food to providing treasure to communication, healthcare, and entertainment. just about machines, like the tractor, speed up and make more efficient activities that humans have done for hund reds of thousands of days. Others such as the airplane or the Internet, make assertable things that humans have never been able to do before.This collection of devices, capabilities, and the knowledge that accompanies them is called applied science. We can say that living without engineering is like living without air in this technological world of today. Therefore, we are much subordinate on technology. Broadly speaking, technology is how people modify the world to suit their own purposes. From the Greek word techne, meaning art or artifice or craft, technology literally means the act of fashioning or crafting, exactly more slackly it refers to the diverse collection of processes and knowledge that people use to extend human abilities and to fit human needs and wants.Technology has been expiry on since humans first make a blade from a paper of flint, harnessed fire, or dragged a not bad(p) stick across the ground to execute a furrow for planting seeds, but today it e xists to a degree incomparable in history. Planes, trains, and automobiles carry people and dispatch from place to place at advanced speeds. Telephones, television, and computer networks help people fall out with others across the street or around the world. Medical technologies, from vaccines to Stem Cell therapy, stand people to live longer, healthier lives. 00 years ago peoples norm age of death was from 40 to 45. But now its 75. Furthermore, technology is evolving as yet as we speak, with new technologies cosmos created and subsisting technologies being improved and extended. The benefits of technology are usually obvious, if they were not, it would probably never be developed, but the disadvantages and dangers are often hidden. A perfect example is chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. When CFCs were invented, no one genuinelyized that these chemicals used as refrigerants would stilltually damage the ozone layer.Today, the Internet is having cardinal effects on society, how people move and communicate with one another, how they do their business, and how they thrum their entertainment and recreation, but no one knows exactly what to expect from it in future. Computers make our lives easier and give us new shipway to learn about the things were interested in. They make it possible to do many things from the teething ring of our own home we can shop online, keep in touch with our friends online, eventide go to school online.They make it easier to place down and organize information and entertain us with a nearly endless shape of games. However, its still important to maintain a life outside of the cyber world a life spent attached to a computer screen isnt a real life. When a computer becomes the central establish of a persons life, they undergo a revision in behavior they become unoccupied and develop anti-social tendencies, and, in some strong cases, simply cannot function without a computer. Some people say that we are not really dependen t on technology. We can live without the technology.Our ancestors did it, so why cant we? I would ask these questions When was the outlast time you exploit math problems without using calculator? When was the last time you went to library to find information instead of searching from internet? similarly time has changed since our ancestors era. Has technology really taken over our lives this much? Where we cant go 2 minutes without checking our phone to see if we have a text? Where we cant go a day or two without checking our e-mail, and facebook? We cant even walk across a campus without perceive a student on the phone, laptop or listening to their iPods.All this makes it peculiarly important that people understand and are comfortable with the concepts and workings of modern technology. Todays people, including me, have become socially inept and too dependent on technology. Now this isnt meant to be a hate technology thread, because technology really can be fearful at times. From a personal standpoint, people benefit both at work and at home by being able to choose the best products for their purposes, to knead the products properly, and to troubleshoot them when something goes wrong.And from a societal standpoint, an informed people improved the chances that decisions about the use of technology will be made rationally and responsibly. But sometimes we take technology too seriously, and depend on it too much. If your computer breaks, dont get pissed about it. If the Internet goes down, its not the end of the world. If your phone is broken, dont kill yourself. And ask this question from yourself How long can you survive without technology?

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.