Dien Bien Phu Essay Example For Students

Dien Bien Phu Essay The Battle of Dien Bien PhuThe Battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought between Vietnamese Communists, called Vietminh, and France in 1954. It was one of the most important battle in the War. The French were defeated, and they gave up their colonies in Indochina. In November 1953, France began building an army base around the village of Dien Bien Phu, in what is now northwestern Vietnam. The base was intended to disrupt Vietminh army movements. The Vietminh had other plans for the French. The underestimated Vietminh climbed the terrain, forcing their artillery up the hills. On March 13, 1954, about 50,000 Vietminh soldiers began attacking the French force of more than 10,000 troops at the base. They quickly destroyed the bases airfield, leaving the French without supplies. The French were cut off from all supply lines. The outnumbered French resisted the Vietminh attack for 56 days, but were forced to surrender on May 7, 1954. The fighting ended early the next day. Directly after the fighting was done, there was the Geneva Conference of 1954, where the North and South Vietnam came into being.

Sample Essay With Brief Description of the IPIP Neo

Sample Essay With Brief Description of the IPIP NeoIf you are thinking about taking an international business course, you may want to consider taking a sample essay with a brief description of the IPIP Neo. This essay can help you decide if the IPIP Neo is the right program for you.This type of essay will give you some idea of what the IPIP Neo can offer. It is basically like taking an online class, but it is not a traditional classroom style class. You will not have to sign up for anything in order to attend the course. In addition, there will be no strict grades for any essay.In order to get started, you will need to gather some basic information. The following information should be listed on the cover page of your sample essay with a brief description of the IPIP Neo. This should include the first name of the student and his or her last name.The first name should be the student's first initial and the last name is his or her middle initial. You will also need to list the student's full name, the address, and telephone number. In addition, you will need to include a brief explanation of how the student met you. This could be a phone number, a message left, or a number of other details.In this section, you will need to describe why you wish to take the course. You will need to include a few key points as well as a few tips for succeeding in the course. This will help you be prepared to give a review of your essay.After this section, you will need to give a brief explanation of the goals of the course. It should include information on the course you will take, the name of the class you are taking, and the date of the class. It should also include the number of credit hours you will need to earn. This is the total of the credits needed for the course.In this section, you will also need to give a brief explanation of how you will be grading the sample essay. You will need to list the types of essays you will be graded and how you will be graded.Finally, you will need to complete a short review of your college and program. You will need to give the name of the school and the university, and the number of credit hours you have earned. You will also need to give the address of the school and the address of the university.

The Hour by Michael Cunningham

Journal response Essays - Cinema Of The United States, Literature

Journal response Essays - Cinema Of The United States, Literature Journal response Changes in Jem: Jeremy Atticus Finch, also known as Jem, is the older and more mature brother of Scout (the book narrator). The book shows him beginning the journey of reaching his adolescence. As Jem still remembers and grieves his deceased mother, he can sometimes have days where he sits alone and is deep in thought forgetting the world around him. On these days, he is best left alone. Jem talks a lot about people and has a very active imagination. An example of this, is when Dill arrives, he describe s Boo Radley as a monster He dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch, that's why his hands were blood-stainedif you ate an animal raw, you could never wash the blood off. There was a long-jagged scar that ran across his face; what teeth he had were yellow and rotten; his eyes popped, and he drooled most of the time". O f course Dill and Scout beli e ve d everything he said , as he is the oldest, and knows everything'. As Jem gets older, he want s t o be more mature and to be treated like a man, not a child. He is less imaginative and doesn't want to be associated with children. He begins to see what is happening around him, and grows worried for his father, Atticus, and sees that life isn't fair. He states himself as a grown up, saying " it's different with grown-ups , we". This shows that he is starting to see himself as a grown up as well. He also changes by beginning to understand other people. "Scout I' m beginning to u nderstand something . I think I'm beginning to understand why Boo Radley stayed shut up in his house all the time it's because he wants to stay inside". Jem starts understanding that people have a choice in what they want , and realises that Boo can do what he pleases. Jem's maturity grow even mor e during and after the Tom Robinson trial. He was very angry that Tom was accused guilty and he thought that there wasn't enough evidence to charge an innocent man (Jem wanted to become a lawyer one day). The trial made him realised that life can be cruel. Changes in Scout: Jean Louise Finch, also known as Scout, has always been the outgoing and inquisitive child of the two. She is a tomboy and would prefer to wear overalls, than wear a dress and be lady. Scout is very quick tempered and starts fights for the simplest reasons. The book begins with her starting school and her learning the hardships of school. She is told that she has been wrongly taught to read and write , which deeply upsets her and make s her want to drop school. She is also told off for sticking up for other children in her year . Because Scout has a high temper, she picks fights not only in her street but a t school. For example, she beats up Walter Cunningham for not having his lunch, without any worthy reason to beat him up, and finds joy i n doing so. I think she picks these fights, as she is very proud and doesn't like it when people speak ill of her or he r family, Atticus in particular . " C atching Walter C unningham i n the school yard gav e me some pleasure, but when I was rubbing his nose in the dirt, Jem came by and told me to stop" . Atticus highly disapproves of Scout doing such things, saying that she is "too old and too big for such a childish thing" , but Scout can't help it sometimes. As her schooling goes on, she gets constantly more frustrated in class as the curriculum moves far to slow for her liking. At Christmas, the finches go to Atticus's sisters place, finch landing. Scout doesn't like her and Jem's Aunt as she wants Scout to be a lady, and is often making poor remarks about Scout and Atticus about how she should act more like a lady. At Christmas, Alexand ers grandson, Francis Hancock, and Scout had a

Answer Each of the 5-Questions Which Will Be Uploaded Essay

Answer Each of the 5-Questions Which Will Be Uploaded - Essay Example In addition, the important American value of personal space and freedom of movement are likewise reflected and embodied in the sports car, as the defining cultural values for their consumption by Americans (Ikerd). For watches the factors of nonverbal communication that are key from a marketing perspective relate to the communication of wearer personality, values, hobbies, and earning capacity and wealth. There is substantial segment of the market for instance that caters to the luxury watch as an important non-verbal signal of wealth and prestige, and personality and values are related to the way watches that are marketed for more pragmatic and more efficiency-focused individuals reflect those aspects in non-verbal ways, through an emphasis on functionality, on attributes such as durability and technical capabilities. A market segment meanwhile buys watches based on attributes such as personal style and fun, and those are also ideally reflected in the kinds of fun watches that they buy. Those non-verbal communication cues are therefore relevant to this segment of the market (Klara). For laundry detergents on the other hand, the nonverbal factors of communication that are most relevant relate to cleaning power, efficiency, care of clothes and hands, and brand power to a certain extent, as well as price. These factors are embodied either explicitly or implicitly in discussions about strategies for the Tide brand for instance (Ng and Ziobro). One is the admiration of nature, where the current and emerging markers tend towards that over the contrary value of the conquest of nature, which is marked as the traditional American value. The book got this wrong because one can argue from the lack of more vigorous concern for climate change implies that more people still prefer overcoming nature to admiring it and fixing its long-term problems. Two is performance versus

Sentencing in international law requires reasoned discrimination Essay

Sentencing in international law requires reasoned discrimination. Critically evaluate this statement with reference to role of international tribunals - Essay Example licies regarding the international criminal court (ICC).2 Various states recognised the role of ICC in a multilateral system aiming to put to end impunity and set up the rule of law in the declaration, which was adopted in the meeting. As per the declaration, it is right to say that the key role of ICC is the enforcement and inducement of compliance in regard to the specific norms of international law prohibit and prevent mass violence.3 Following the extensive perpetration of unspeakable atrocities which were the consequences of the Second World War, the international community passed an unparalleled call for justice.4 The community sought to end serious crimes via inter alia, which is adopting the convention of preventing and punishing all crime genocides, the four Geneva conventions and the principles of Nuremberg.5 Despite the fact that sentencing in domestic jurisdictions’ importance has grown over time, it still remains part of international criminal law which is undergoing construction and is likely to be unregulated in various aspects. International sentencing law and practice has not yet been defined by proper specific norms and principles under which one should be prosecuted. International judges have continued receiving little guidance on matters concerning prosecution of individuals. Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) are the best examples of international sentencing which can comprehensively and coherently explain how the system works. Despite the lack of credible enforcement mechanisms, violating international humanitarian laws have continued over time with glowing impunity. The international community has responded promptly by taking a joint action that involves creating an interconnection system of international justice aiming at preventing impunity for the worst atrocities likely to happen to mankind.6 This vision came into reality in 1998 when states approved and adopted the multilateral treaty by the name Rome Statute of the International

PESTLE Analysis for Dialog Axiata

PESTLE Analysis for Dialog Axiata Dialog Telekom PLC (The Company) operates Sri Lankas largest and fastest growing telecommunication network Dialog GSM. Dialog Telekom is one of the largest companies listed under the Colombo Stock Exchange. It is a subsidiary of the Axiata Group Berhad. Due to Dialog the Sri Lankan mobile industry has achieved new heights and has come at par with the developed world. The telecom company operates 2G, 3G and 3.5G mobile services, supporting the current trends in mobile internet and multimedia services, as well as international roaming. Dialog Telekom accounts for more than 50% of Sri Lankan mobile phone subscribers. Along with the mobile telecommunication business Dialog Telekom operates a wide portfolio of international telecommunication services including retail and wholesale international voice and data services. Dialog Broadband Networks Pvt. Ltd. (DBN) is an owned subsidiary of the Company, and is an important player in Sri Lankas ICT infrastructure sector. DBN was also the first service provider in Sri Lanka to introduce high-speed broadband internet services based on Wi MAX technology. Dialog Television Pvt. Ltd. (Dialog TV) is another subsidiary of Dialog Telekom PLC. It operates Dialog Satellite TV, a Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite TV service. Dialog TV supports a wide range of international and local television channels. Regarding the structure of the company, Dialog Telekom Ltd. has got a Hybrid structure which is a combination of Matrix structure as well as Modular structure. As in each Strategic Business Unit (SBU) works independently and every function of each SBU has communication linkages with one another. Top down as well as bottom up communication is available and it uses worldwide resources and technologies. MICRO ANALYSIS THROUGH SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Dialog has the first mover advantage of GSM technology in Sri Lanka. Due to its strong infrastructure it has got one of the best and far reaching mobile telecommunication coverage. Relationship with a telecommunication tycoon in the same region; Telekom Malaysia Group. Extension in collaborations maintaining good relations with other Telecom companies has enabled Dialog to have a global approach with services such as and Satellite Coverage high roaming. Dialog Telekom has got a very aggressive marketing strategy which enables it to have a good and stable Brand Equity. Companys financial analysis proved excellent stability in financial statements regarding investments. Strong Public Relationship that has been built up over the years. Expanded CSR initiatives increased the social value of the firm. High quality technical innovations has made dialog market leader in Sri Lanka. Constant rise in the share prices has gained the confidence of the investors leading to value increment. Strong distribution network spread throughout the entire island.. Well managed customer care support techniques has increase the level of customer satisfaction. Wide variety of products. Management Team is efficient and hard-working. High level of corporate business knowledge retention through low employee turnover (W)eaknesses Though the investment on advertising and value addition through technical innovation is high, there is no clear aim and idea of a broader market Poor performance as on ISP. Compared to its competitors Dialog lags behind in innovations related to pricing strategies. The head office in Colombo is of a distributed nature due to non-expandability of the current location. The level of motivation of internal employees is decreasing. Due to the rapidly growing customer base the trends in Quality of Service are going down by the day. In the front-office employee turn-over is high. (O)pportunities Telecom is one of the fastest growing sectors in Sri Lankas 19.5million people As per estimations 4.5million users would have mobile phones by the end of 2006 The communication industry is growing rapidly. Fixed line penetration is low. The approval and acceptability of the Value Added Services (VAS) by the users has increased the probability and success of any new VAS initiative. The strategic partnership of Dialog Telekom with Vodafone UK. Dialog has got the potential to gain benefits of Value Chain Convergence. Technology advancements especially in mobile multimedia technologies and the advent and use of the next 3G mobile communications. (T)hreats Strongest Competitor of Dialog, the Mobile wing of fixed line telecom giant SLT is focused on cost-cutting strategy through its low cost pre-paid products in the market. Rapid changes in the political, social and economic conditions as well as the laws and regulations. Changes in currency exchange rates and high inflation which is inversely affecting the global business. Rapid change in customer preferences and their growing needs due to high level of customer awareness. Constant changes in technology. Dialog had to switch off all base station in northern-province during the last few months due to military operations by the Sri Lankan Govt. forces. Thus there is an uncertainty due to the growing counter terrorist campaigns. PESTEL Analysis (P)olitical Sri Lanka has very positive foreign investment policies. However though Sri Lanka identified importance of liberalization early as in 1977, due to political interventions bureaucratic attitudes inherited from colonial reign and poor governance, the country as a whole and specifically the industry has not grown as it was foreseen at the time of liberalization. During the past two decades, terrorist activities have remained constant as well. (E)conomical Unstable macro-economic environment and trade policy regime has a negative impact on the industry. The fall of the exchange rate over the years happened on a gradual pace. Since the inception of liberalization policy it has undergone massive reforms in this sector. However Sri Lanka lags dynamics incorporated by India to attract foreign direct investments. The attitude towards foreign direct investments needs to be improved. (S)ocio-Cultural Sri Lanka has better social conditions for example literacy rate is high, infant mortality rate is low and life expectancy is long. The country also has an educated and trainable work force. Nevertheless Sri Lankans inherit a bureaucratic attitude from the colonial administration that results in inefficiencies and discrimination. (T)echnological Sri Lanka depends on technology transfers from foreign direct investments. However TRCSL encourages local research and development. The country comparatively has not performed well enough to adapt technological changes on a timely manner. For example the shift from analogue to digital and the adoption of CDMA technology materialized in a slow pace. (E)cological (L)egal TRCSL the regulatory body takes up multidimensional roles. It ensures fair enforcement of Govt. policy, hold operators accountable for performance, address consumer issues, monitor changing industry needs and provide feedback to the policy making units. However TRCSL has been criticized over the years for information asymmetry, inefficiency and discrimination. Porters Five Forces 1. Threat of New Entrants Indias Bharti AIRTEL has got the fifth mobile operator license in Sri Lanka As per TRCSL, no more licenses would be awarded Thus it creates an entry barrier for all others to the market 2. Bargaining Power of Customers Consumer protection groups are almost non-existing As compared to the west, consumers are not that strong in their demands Quality standards and supports are comparatively not major concern if they exist at a basic level Low switching costs Customers are highly cost conscious 3. Threat from Substitutes Almost negligible Alternatives are fixed line and the more recent CDMA connectivity This is a much smaller market as compared to the huge total market 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Local and International suppliers for Dialog Depends on SLT, MTT and a few other VSAT operators to access the national backbone Thus these particular suppliers are extremely powerful Acquisition of MTT and the creation of the new subsidiary known as Dialog Broadband Network 5. Rivalry Among Competing Firms Very high competition with constant pricing wars Dialog certainly has an edge because of their Value Added Services and differentiation strategy and the huge customer base Value Added Services are becoming very popular among the consumers Strategic Groups Adopted by the Company Dialog strategies are visible in the companys corporate, business and functional levels. They have already diversified their business across many areas during the last few years. For instance, by acquiring MTT, Dialog managed to strengthen its transmission backbone. Also recent past it has acquired CBNSAT, a satellite TV transmission company, and DERANA TV Channel with a long term objective of a value chain convergence. In addition to reach the customer, Dialog has created many alliances with other business corporations. Cargills-Dialog alliance to allow Cargills customers to settle Dialog bills is just one such example. The business plan is formulated at the beginning of the year considering main objectives of the company. The progress of each project is monitored in a monthly basis through different strategic committee meetings. On the other hand, Dialog tries to introduce latest technologies into the market considering global mega trends through its comprehensive Research and Development wing. Among them, the Dialogs initiative to setup the Dialog Research Lab at the University of Moratuwa is of importance because it effectively enabled Dialog to provide tailor made solutions to the local market. Nokia phones with Sinhala language support and Tsunami warning system for mobiles are just to name a few such examples. These technology initiatives can be considered as a strategy used to capture the market by effectively staying ahead from the competition in the technology and innovation sphere. Structure The Companys business and operations are managed under the supervision of the Board of Directors comprising of 5 non-executive directors and 1 executive director. The Board has the power to appoint executive directors including the CEO. Divisional structure can be identified in company level but performances of the divisions are measured through different strategic committees. Systems Apart from the technical backbone, Dialog uses several systems to execute their business strategies successfully. For example- SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) This was launched in 2006 January to integrate identified key process in the company. CCBS (Customer Care Billing System) Currently existing billing system is going to be migrated into a new system to provide more customer centric services. HRIS Used for Human Resource Management and all the day to day functions are carried out through this system. Style The management style always depends on targets and objectives. Strict deadlines are imposed while performance and progress are very closely monitored at all levels of the organizational structure. Rewards and benefit schemes are in line for the top performers and better achievements. All the employees will have a number of recreational opportunities such as trips, get-together, sports etc. to take some time off from busy work schedules. Staff The Company currently employs a workforce of 2500 who in turn are considered pivotal to the organizations growth and success. Annual manpower planning and recruitment is carried out in parallel with the business plan preparation. The capabilities required by potential employees are based on the requirements of the business plans applicable to respective departments of the company in any given year. Recruitment to the Company is governed by several policies. The core policy on filling vacancies spells out the Companys intention to attract the best with the aim of exploiting the individuals potential while providing career development opportunities irrespective of communal or gender differences. 7% of the total HR cost is devoted to training and development. The training needs for individuals and teams are identified from the competency requirements arising from the Companys business plan and employees annual performance review. Subordinate Goals All individuals with different backgrounds, different ethnics and nations are teamed up and driven towards a common set of goals and objectives at Dialog Telekom. The company has been successful in focusing the entire team towards a single vision by incorporating all individuals goals and personal objective together. Skills Dialog team consists of number of individuals with distinctive capabilities and competencies from top to bottom. Dialog is proud to have a very energetic and talented CEO in the caliber of Dr. Hans Wijesuriya. In addition to that Dialog is served by a team of top class individual in the Sri Lankan industry with lot of talent and exposures. Different Strategies Adopted by Dialog Telekom Corporate Strategy Considering the current performance, the key success factors and the SWOT analysis the directional strategy alternatives would be the following Growth strategy to expand the activities of Dialog Telekom further would be the first alternative. Since the current product lines have real growth potencial concentration of resources on those would be ideal. In concentration Dialog Telekom can follow the vertical growth strategy to take the benefit of the value chain convergence opportunity that is existing in Sri Lankan context. Stability strategy to continue with current activities without any changes to the direction would be the second alternative. Here Dialog Telekom can utilize pause/proceed with caution strategy to have only incremental improvements while the weaknesses stated are overcome. It can use this time to stabilize the organization due to the changes took place due to multiple strategies it adopted earlier such as acquisitions and investing on innovative developments, which will help to get back the loosing internal employee motivation. The first alternative will move Dialog Telekom further away from the competition and create a monopoly temporarily for converged industries of telecommunication, content, media and retail. However unfocused highspeed growth to capture the market without stabilizing the existing acquisitions can disassemble everything. The second alternative will give Dialog Telekom and its employees much needed breathing space. The recommendation would be to implement the second alternative initially to stabilize the organization without any other drastic change in the direction. And after some time they can adopt their long term beneficial value chain convergence option depicted in first alternative. Business Strategy The business strategy alternatives available for Dialog Telekom to improve the competitive position in the industries it operates would be The first alternative for the competitive strategy would be to improve on the current strategy of differentiation. It can improve this by having unique Value Added Services for each of its current strategic business units DBN, CBNSAT and Dialog Telekom itself. This can improve the customer loyalty and thereby can charge a reasonable premium rate than competitors. Second alternative which Dialog Telekom can try to implement is cost leadership to overcome the threat of lower rates provided by competitors, Mobitel. Since the VAS are less in Mobitel the switching from Dialog to Mobitel is not much in urban people who use these VASes. But people who are using purely as a voice/sms only are shifting as most of them are cost conscious and there is not much of a difference in coverage. Hence if Mobitel improves on its VASes it would become a serious threat at a stage at which only the rates would decide the attraction of that segment of the market. Typically the differentiation strategy is more likely to generate higher profits than low cost strategy. However differentiation strategy implementation may involve higher investment than low cost strategy. Competitive scope is an important factor when considering competitive strategies. The recommended alternative depends on the competitive scope in this situation. Considering both alternatives and the pros and cons of each most ideal would be to have culmination of both differing from the segment of the market. Dialog Telekom should have a focused differentiation strategy in the market where people are valuing the VASes and cost focus in the market where usage is purely for voice/SMS. Simultaneously Dialog Telekom should look at strategic alliances as a corporate strategy to gain competitive advantage by working with other organizations. Currently they have stated this with some banks and some supermarket chains as mentioned earlier. However this can be vastly improved to include alliances with insurance companies, stock brokers, popular food chains etc.